門牌號碼規劃－簡報

Address planning - presentation

積丹尼 Dan JACOBSON http://jidanni.org/; Last modified: 2010-03-09 14:12:02 +0800

前言 Preface

相信都聽過《中和永和鬼打牆》。門牌同樣嚴重。
- 主動規劃未來的門牌，非被動的記載現有的門牌 Creating new addresses, not recording old
- 仍堪用就不亂「整編」 Don't "reorganize" still usable addresses
  - 整編牽涉深遠不得輕易啟動 consequences far reaching
    - 老少各文件必改 all household documents must be updated
    - 郵件不達甚至失聯 might even cause broken personal contacts
    - 比較台灣路牌拼音遊戲 compare Taiwan romanization follies
- 只是希望在新編的社區，悲劇不會一再發生。 Just hope in newly numbered communities, the nightmare will not reoccur.
- 花蓮市例 Hualian example 2009.12.25
```
210-------------------明義國小-----------------------168
==========林森路=============Linsen Rd==================
-----|B|321-311-301-291-281-271-261-251-241-231-221-----
```
  自博愛街口（Ｂ）尋２１０號，對面（雙）看不到號碼，只好憑單號面估計雙號。走至終於見到１６８號始知全冤枉的路，目標原來離出發點幾步而已。我又遭台灣左右門牌失恆戲弄。（即使有載門牌號碼輔助索引之路牌，我們切入點不見得是在一個路口。）
  
  Starting at Boai St. (B) and looking for 210, we don't see house numbers on the other (even) side of the street, so we use the odd numbers as a guide. We end up walking all the way until we finally see 168, and realize that our goal was just a few steps away from where we started... Taiwan's independent left and right side of the street street numbering victimized me again. (Even if street name signs with those well meaning address indexes are provided, our entry point might not be at an intersection.)
  
  新路應號碼左右對稱、固定距離／號碼比例、平行的路門牌同步。 New streets need right/left number symmetry, constant distance/number ratio, number coordination with parallel streets.
  
  從以上故事讀者也無法判斷我到底繞了多遠。台灣的門牌是那樣，距離無把握。 From the above story the reader is also unable to estimate just how far this diversion took me. That's Taiwan's addressing -- no handle on the distances involved just from reading the numbers.
  
  台灣有的路口設有載兩邊門牌號碼索引的路名牌，但是無路口段也多。 At some Taiwan intersections there are street name signs bearing number indexes for both sides of the road. However stretches with no intersections are many too.
- 台灣郵局郵遞區號資料庫 Taiwan post code database
```
40642 台中市 北屯區 和順路 Heshun Rd. 單 443號以下
40642 台中市 北屯區 和順路 Heshun Rd. 雙 396號以下
```
  同一路段需要登錄兩次，因為左右邊門牌不協調。 Here we see the same section of road needs to be specified twice, as the numbers on each side have grown at different paces.
  
  (396+443/10=440.3 可見此對稱是直接由於「後面丟掉四」惡習造成的。四可丟，但對面也要丟一丟些號碼，否則跛腳。 Here we see the dissymmetry is a direct effect of the throwing out of numbers ending with the superstitious "unlucky 4". One can throw them out, but one needs to also throw out some numbers on the odd side of the road, else we hobble our legs.)
- 高雄市前鎮加工出口區，街街均西七接東八 Gaoxiong Export Processing Zone: W. 7th becomes E. 8th, W. 8th becomes E. 9th...
- 路中人空手無圖亦必易懂 Must make sense to "the man in the street" without even a map
  - 以當地既有的「門牌語言」Make addresses speak the local "addressing language". 當地習慣分段就分段。 Section 1,2,3..., 23W456, no "0", etc.
- 最易施於新市鎮 Best in newly planned communities
- 門牌為何從未視為都市計劃之一環？ Addressing never considered part of city planning - why?
- 北美也專門開門牌年會 In North America, URISA even has "Street Smart and Address Savvy" conferences, and 標準 standards. 門牌為派遣系統之關鍵 Addressing is integral part of 911 systems
依社區擇系統 Choose system appropriate for that community
1. 平地以座標方格 Coordinate grids for flat areas with parallel roads
  
  (S. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA)
  - 平行的路，門牌同步 Parallel roads: numbers in lockstep
  - 連小孩能指路 Even little kids can tell you how to get there
  - 座標原點應設於網外 Should put X,Y origin outside the system
2. 不規則路及坡地以樹狀 Tree systems for irregular roads and hilly areas
  
  （台灣東勢石城案）
  
  樹狀細部 Tree details:
  
  （台灣東勢石城案）
3. 混合系統 Hybrid systems
  
  曲折單軸 Twisted single axis:
  
  （台灣東勢上城案）
全面預留 Complete reservation
1. 早期戶所輕易發牌 Legacy "point and shoot" numbering, so easy for household bureau workers:
```
    1                 3   5
========<-路 road->=========
2         4 6 8
```
2. 蓋滿後果 but later fills in to become a mess:
```
1-1 1 1-2 1-3 3-1 3-2 3   5
========<-路 road->=========
2 4-1 4-2 4 6 8 8-1 8-2 8-3
```
  失敗之跡：幾之幾（之幾）（巷！）（似漢字六書「會意」），廣告附圖 Marks of failure: 12-2(-2)(Lane), little maps attached to ads
3. 應先預留 Instead, reserve numbers from the start of the project:
```
    5                21  25
========<-路 road->=========
2         12 14 16
```
- 法定預留惟要百分百預留：水邊、橋、灘、崖，始達「萬年」門牌 Reserve 100%, bridges, water edge too, better than just legal minimum. Only then get addressing to last "10000 years"
- 留號不代表興建權 Number reservation doesn't imply building rights
好處 Advantages
- 不再因看不到對面之門牌而下錯了公車 No more getting off the bus at the wrong stop just because you couldn't see the house numbers on the other side of the road
- 颱風中救護車僅憑里程表能到達 Ambulance can find address in a storm with just an odometer
- 刻意盡量低科技 Deliberately low tech. 使用時不必靠電腦、網路、ＧＩＳ，故更可靠 In daily use no need for computers, networks, or GIS, so more reliable
- 某路３４４巷６６弄２４號離該路原點：
  
  24 Alley 66 Lane 344 Some Road is at a distance from the start of Some Road:
  
  (344+66+24)*1000/400=1085 公尺 meters
  - 此比典型北美郊區地址之訊息含量更多！ That is more information than one can squeeze from a a typical suburban North American address!
- 「路巷弄號」，或及延伸，能找到最偏僻山寮，亦不需帶圖！ With the road/lane/alley/number notation, and extensions if needed, one can find the most rural of shacks, without a map too!
  
  可用某路２１１街３１１巷以增一層。弄內再分怎辦？亦有路寬╱路名規定。　Can add another layer with 311 Ln. 211 St. Some Rd. How to split finer than "alley"? Also there are some road width/name legalities.
  
  圖論之某標籤法。 This is some labeling algorithm of graph theory.
- 採一公里四百個號碼 We use 400 numbers per km. 恰台灣建築法規最低寬度五公尺 just as the Taiwan minimum legal house width of 5 meters.
  - 關鍵於我們一路維持固定號碼與距離比例，比門牌規則之僅預留更強 The key is we maintain a consistent number/distance ratio, beyond current Taiwan legal requirement of mere number reservation.
  - 城鄉同比例 Same ratio, urban and rural
實行 Implementation
- 應先取得里長等支持 Should first get support of the village chief etc.
- 問其他方案能容納一日蓋滿狀態？ Ask if other proposals can handle an eventual 100% urbanization
- 採自由軟體 Used Free Software GRASS GIS
- 交給戶政人員之輔助圖 Guidance map given to household bureau workers:
  
  （台灣東勢石城案）
  - 授權做細節（含「忌四」！（幸夠彈性）） We delegate the details (including "fear of four" (which we absorb))
  - 屋後屋「幾之幾號」以巷弄滅之 "68-1" of houses behind houses can be eliminated via lane / alley notation
勿輸於圖 Don't lose on the map

台北市昆明街未分段，但此圖巧合產生「昆明街二段昆明街二 …」假象。故不但路牌路名要做好，希望人家做地圖也要做好。 Taibei's Kunming St. is not divided into sections, but this map accidentally makes it look that way. Therefore one hopes map makers will make good maps to compliment our efforts on the ground. （圖：臺北大眾捷運系統捷運站轉乘公車資訊手冊 5/2005 63頁）
亦能系統化 We can also make systematic:
- 溪兩岸平行分段，台中市祥順東、西路為例 Parallel sectioning on both sides of a river, e.g., Taizhong City's Xiangshun East, West Roads
- 路號、名，也跨界 Street numbers / names, even across administrative boundaries
  - 台北街道號碼錯 Taibei nicknumbering wrong
- 室號 Room numbers
- 路牌拼音 Romaization (高層的問題 politicized)
- 人名 People names (哈哈 ha ha)
總結 Summary
- 求齊。門有對聯，門牌也要對聯 Order please
- 使短短的地址傳達最大訊息量，亦看得懂 Maximize the amount of information that familiar sensible little address can convey
- 預防勝於治療，發牌用頭腦，找牌免惱。 Using a little brains when creating addresses will save a lot of people a lot of brains when finding addresses
- 台灣的門牌（與馬路的對面）對不起（人民）。（戶政）人在做，天在看，改天別人也要看（得下去！）
- 都是優使性的問題。 It all boils down to usability, See also Nielsen.
附錄：救災 Appendix: Emergency preparedness

除了掌握所有門牌號碼位置之外，連基層派出所必須能夠依報案中任何地號、電桿牌號、等迅速找到位置，而非待所屬單位上班查詢，或只不停電時才能查詢。 Besides having complete knowledge of the location of every address, even the most basic police station must be able to quickly locate any land parcel number, utility pole number, etc. they have been given, without needing to wait until the working hours of the bureau it belongs to, or for power to be restored.

2009年起，消防單位已開始利用電桿上的座標做鄉下報案輔助… From 2009, the Fire Department has been incorporating using the coordinates on Taipower poles to assist in reporting rural incident locations.